Hansie Cronje Match Fixing Scandal
South Africa vs Various
7 April 2000
South African captain Hansie Cronje was found guilty of match fixing after Delhi Police intercepted phone calls between Cronje and an Indian bookmaker, Sanjay Chawla.
Mohammad Amir's return to international cricket after serving a five-year spot-fixing ban divided the cricket world, with some praising rehabilitation and others arguing convicted fixers should never return.
When Mohammad Amir, Mohammad Asif, and Salman Butt were caught in the News of the World sting in August 2010, cricket's corruption story reached a new nadir. The images of Pakistani players apparently agreeing to bowl no-balls for cash, and then doing precisely that on international television, were devastating. Amir was 18 years old — barely more than a child — and already one of the most electrifying fast bowlers on the planet. His involvement was both the most tragic and the most hotly debated element of the scandal.
Amir served a six-month prison sentence in the UK and a five-year cricket ban, returning to domestic cricket in Pakistan in 2015. His rehabilitation process was overseen by the PCB and involved extensive anti-corruption education. The PCB took the position, supported by the ICC's own code provisions, that a player who had served their ban was entitled to return to the game.
The question of whether Amir should be allowed back into international cricket was not purely legal — it was philosophical. It pitted the principle of rehabilitation (you serve your time, you earn a second chance) against the principle of deterrence (if you fix a match you are permanently barred). Cricket had no consistent position on this, and the Amir case forced the sport to confront the question directly.
As Amir's ban period neared its end in 2015, the debate intensified. The PCB made clear it intended to facilitate his return to the national team. Team management — captain Misbah-ul-Haq and coach Waqar Younis — indicated their support, though Waqar's position was notable given the suspicions that had surrounded his own career.
Several of Amir's potential teammates were less enthusiastic. Reports emerged that senior players had privately expressed discomfort at the prospect of sharing a dressing room with a convicted fixer. In England, where the crimes had been committed, the reaction ranged from hostility to resigned acceptance. Former England players made public statements questioning the wisdom of the return.
Amir was recalled for the first time in a T20I against New Zealand in Dubai in January 2016. The return to Lord's — the scene of the crime — came months later in the 2016 Test series against England. That match, in which Amir bowled beautifully and picked up wickets, became one of cricket's most resonant moments of the era.
Mohammad Amir's return to international cricket in January 2016, following his five-year ban for spot-fixing at Lord's in 2010, became one of cricket's most debated topics. At the time of his offense, Amir was just 18 and considered one of the most talented fast bowlers in world cricket. His ban and six-month prison sentence ended a career that had produced 51 Test wickets in just 14 matches.
The debate over his return was fierce. Pakistan Cricket Board chairman Shaharyar Khan strongly supported Amir's rehabilitation, arguing that he had served his time and deserved a second chance. Captain Misbah-ul-Haq and coach Waqar Younis also backed his return. However, several senior Pakistani players, reportedly including Fawad Alam and Ahmed Shehzad, were uncomfortable playing alongside a convicted fixer.
The ICC's Anti-Corruption Unit had reservations about allowing Amir to return, and his reintegration required him to undertake extensive anti-corruption education. International reaction was mixed - while some applauded the principle of rehabilitation, others, particularly in England where the fixing had occurred, questioned whether a criminal conviction for corruption should be treated the same as, say, a doping ban.
Amir went on to play a key role in Pakistan's memorable Champions Trophy victory in 2017, taking three wickets in the final against India. He eventually retired from Test cricket in 2019, citing the physical demands, and later had a brief international career before stepping away from Pakistan cricket amid controversies with the PCB.
Mohammad Amir recalled to Pakistan's T20I squad for the series against New Zealand in Dubai, January 2016 — his first international cricket in over five years
Amir returns to Test cricket at Lord's — the precise ground where the spot-fixing took place in 2010 — in the 2016 England series
Amir performs well at Lord's, picking up wickets and providing his own form of symbolic closure to the 2010 scandal
Reports emerge that several Pakistani teammates had expressed discomfort at playing alongside a convicted fixer
Amir takes three wickets in the Champions Trophy 2017 final against India as Pakistan win the tournament
Controversy reignites when Amir retires abruptly from Test cricket in 2019, citing PCB 'mental torture' in a row over workload
August 2010
News of the World sting exposes the Lord's no-ball fixing plot; Amir (18), Asif, and Butt suspended
2011
Amir receives a five-year ban and serves a six-month prison sentence in the UK
2015
Amir completes anti-corruption education requirements; PCB announces plans to reintegrate him
January 2016
Amir makes his international comeback in a T20I against New Zealand in Dubai
July 2016
Amir plays Test cricket at Lord's — the scene of the 2010 crime — and takes wickets in the England series
June 2017
Amir takes three wickets in the Champions Trophy final as Pakistan beat India; comeback reaches its symbolic peak
“I made a terrible mistake when I was young. I have paid for it. I just want to play cricket and show what I can do.”
“He was 18 years old and he was manipulated by older, more powerful people. He has served his ban. Cricket is not a sport that should permanently exclude those who have served their time.”
“I don't think someone convicted of deliberately fixing cricket matches should be allowed to play international cricket again. The game's integrity matters more than rehabilitation.”
“Walking out to bowl at Lord's in 2016 — I knew what it meant. I knew what I had done there six years earlier. I wanted to show people who I really am as a cricketer.”
Amir's return was on balance a cricketing success. His performances were good enough to silence most of the purely cricket-based objections, and the Champions Trophy victory gave his comeback a fairytale quality. The Lord's return, in particular, was widely acknowledged as a significant moment — a young man who had made a catastrophic mistake coming back to the place where it happened and performing with distinction.
The dressing room tensions were real but were managed. Misbah's leadership was crucial — he insisted that the team would function as a unit and that Amir would be treated like any other player. The players who had expressed reservations adapted, at least publicly. Pakistan cricket moved forward.
Amir's subsequent decision to retire from Test cricket in 2019 — citing the PCB's alleged "mental torture" over the format's demands — was controversial and somewhat tarnished the redemption narrative. His relationship with the PCB became increasingly fractious. When he later sought to return to international cricket, the PCB was less accommodating. The final chapters of his career were less elegant than the comeback.
Amir returned to international cricket after serving his five-year ban. His rehabilitation remained controversial throughout his career.
Mohammad Amir's story is cricket's most discussed redemption narrative of the twenty-first century. His case raised questions that the sport has still not fully resolved: what obligations does a sporting institution have to a teenager who was led astray by senior figures? What is the right balance between punishment, rehabilitation, and the deterrence of future corruption? And what does it mean for a player's legacy that the greatest achievements of his career came after his conviction?
His return to Lord's in 2016 was cricket's version of the prodigal son — deeply controversial, freighted with symbolism, and ultimately compelling. Whatever judgement one makes about whether he should have been allowed back, the image of Amir running in to bowl at the ground where his career had collapsed, and succeeding, remains one of the more extraordinary narratives in recent sporting history.
South Africa vs Various
7 April 2000
South African captain Hansie Cronje was found guilty of match fixing after Delhi Police intercepted phone calls between Cronje and an Indian bookmaker, Sanjay Chawla.
South Africa vs England
18 January 2000
Hansie Cronje engineered a contrived result at Centurion after rain had washed out most of the Test, later revealed to have been done at the behest of a bookmaker in exchange for a leather jacket and cash.
India vs Various
5 December 2000
Former Indian captain Mohammad Azharuddin was banned for life by the BCCI after the CBI found evidence of his involvement in match fixing, based on revelations from the Hansie Cronje investigation.